When stress and strain imposes on rock, deformation occurs and involves in the change of shape and/or volume. This causes rock to buckle and fracture or crumple into folds. Folds are most visible in rocks that contain layering.
A number of different folds ranging from the simplest type monocline (This fold involves a slight bend in otherwise parallel layers of rock.), anticline (is a convex up fold in rock that resembles an arch-like structure with the rock beds or limbs dipping way from the center of the structure), syncline (is a fold where the rock layers are warped downward). More complex fold types - recumbent fold (develop in situations where lateral pressures become greater and extreme directed pressure may lay the fold over with its axial plane nearly horizontal with the surface producing) and an overturned fold may occur.
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